পর্যায় সারণি & আয়ন Z = 1 – 30 ⓘ চার্জ: আয়ন গঠন নিয়ম: ১. e⁻ সরান → ক্যাটায়ন (+) ২. e⁻ যোগ → অ্যানায়ন (−) ৩. নিরপেক্ষ পরমাণুতে প্রোটন = ইলেকট্রন প্রোটন: | ইলেকট্রন: − e⁻ সরান + e⁻ যোগ ↺ ❚❚ ⟳ বর্তমান অবস্থা পারমাণবিক সংখ্যা (Z) 1 (H) 10 (Ne) 20 (Ca) 30 (Zn) পর্যায়: গ্রুপ:

  People’s music, also known as folk music, consists of tunes, lyrics, and knowledge passed down orally for generations. গণমানুষের সঙ্গীত, যা লোকসঙ্গীত নামেও পরিচিত, তা সুর, কথা এবং জ্ঞান নিয়ে গঠিত যা মৌখিকভাবে এক প্রজন্ম থেকে অন্য প্রজন্মে চলে আসছে। Over time, this music has evolved, closely tied to the way people live. সময়ের সাথে সাথে, মানুষের জীবনযাপনের রীতির সাথে ঘনিষ্ঠভাবে মিশে থেকে এই সঙ্গীত বিবর্তিত হয়েছে। Our agriculture, food, ecology, seasons, and rituals are all reflected in these songs. আমাদের কৃষি, খাদ্য, প্রতিবেশ, ঋতু এবং আচার-অনুষ্ঠান—সবই এই গানগুলোতে প্রতিফলিত হয়। Palligiti, Bhatiwali, Jari, Sari, Gambhira, Lalon Giti, Paalagan, and the songs of Hason Raja all embody the self-expression of the people. পল্লীগীতি, ভাটিয়ালি, জারি, সারি, গম্ভীরা, লালন গীতি, পালাগান এবং হাসন রাজার গান—সবই মানুষের আত্মপ্রকাশকে মূর্ত করে তোলে। As the landscape changes, the music shifts too. যেমন ভূ-প্রকৃতি পরিবর্তিত হয়, তেমনি সঙ্গীতও বদলায়। In the hill tracts, you encounter music with ...

  1. English: Nakshi Kantha is a kind of embroidered quilt. Bangla: নকশী কাঁথা হলো এক ধরণের নকশা করা কাঁথা। 2. English: The name was taken from the Bangla word, 'naksha' which means artistic pattern. Bangla: এই নামটি বাংলা শব্দ ‘নকশা’ থেকে নেয়া হয়েছে, যার অর্থ হলো শৈল্পিক কারুকাজ। 3. English: It is a kind of traditional craft and is said to be indigenous to Bangladesh and West Bengal in India. Bangla: এটি এক ধরণের ঐতিহ্যবাহী শিল্প এবং এটিকে বাংলাদেশ ও ভারতের পশ্চিমবঙ্গের নিজস্ব শিল্প বলা হয়। 4. English: The art has been practised in rural Bangladesh for centuries. Bangla: শতাব্দীর পর শতাব্দী ধরে গ্রাম বাংলায় এই শিল্পের চর্চা হয়ে আসছে। 5. English: The name Nakshi Kantha became popular after the poet Jasimuddin's poem 'Nakshi Kanthar Math' was published in 1929. Bangla: ১৯২৯ সালে কবি জসীমউদ্দীনের কবিতা ‘নকশী কাঁথার মাঠ’ প্রকাশিত হওয়ার পর ‘নকশী কাঁথা’ নামটি জনপ্রিয় হয়ে ওঠে। 6. English: Traditional kanthas are made for family use. Bangla: ঐতিহ্যবাহী কাঁথাগুলো সাধা...

 নিচে Sentence-এর প্রকারভেদগুলো অর্থ (Meaning) এবং গঠন (Structure) অনুযায়ী বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করা হলো: ১. অর্থ বা কাজ অনুসারে (According to Meaning/Function) অর্থের ভিত্তিতে Sentence ৫ প্রকার। নিচে এদের গঠনপ্রণালী ও উদাহরণ দেওয়া হলো: ১. Assertive Sentence (বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য) যে বাক্যে কোনো সাধারণ সত্য ঘটনা বা বর্ণনা প্রকাশ করা হয়। এটি দুই ধরনের হতে পারে:  * Affirmative (হ্যাঁ-বোধক): পজিটিভ তথ্য দেয়।  * Negative (না-বোধক): নেগেটিভ তথ্য দেয়।  * গঠন: Subject + Verb + Object/Extension  * Examples:    * Affirmative: He goes to school. (সে স্কুলে যায়।)    * Negative: He does not go to school. (সে স্কুলে যায় না।) ২. Interrogative Sentence (প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য) যে বাক্যে কোনো প্রশ্ন জিজ্ঞাসা করা হয়। বাক্যের শেষে অবশ্যই প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (?) থাকবে।  * গঠন ১ (Auxiliary Verb দিয়ে): Aux. Verb + Subject + Main Verb ...?    * Example: Do you like coffee? (তুমি কি কফি পছন্দ করো?)  * গঠন ২ (WH Word দিয়ে): WH word (Who, What, Where, etc.) + Aux. ...

 Composition ( রচনা ) 👇  My Aim in life / My future plan of life🤷‍♀️ introduction : Every man has an aim in life. Without it none can make progress. So, it is essential for every man.  My aim : Different persons, have different tastes and aim. l want to serve the people of my locality. With this noble idea I choose to be a doctor.  Cause of choice : Bangladesh is a very poor country. The people of our country are not aware of the laws of health. They suffer from many diseases. Many people need good medical care, and I want to serve them. My preparation : Now I am a student of class VI. After passing the SSC and then HSC examination I shall get myself admitted into a medical College for MBBS course. After passing the MBBS degree, I shall go back to my native village to serve the people of my locality.  My intention : I shall set up a Charitable dispensary in our village market. I shall treat the poor patients without fees. I know that to serve...

  Dialogue Merits and Demerits of Mobile Phones Myself:  Hello, Rahela. How are you? Rahela:  I’m fine. What about you? Myself:  I’m also fine. You look very happy. What’s the matter? Rahela:  Yes, I bought a mobile phone yesterday. So I’m very happy. Myself:  That’s a surprise. But what’s the use of a mobile phone? Rahela:  It’s an easy mode of communication. It helps us to communicate with people living in any corner of the world within the shortest possible time. At present, it has made our lives easier and more comfortable. Myself:  Anything else? Rahela:  A great source of pleasure. Myself:  Yes, indeed. But it has some demerits. Rahela:  How? Myself:  Mobile phone causes brain cancer, heart attack, damage to hearing, etc. Rahela:  What else? Myself:  It’s very harmful for children and pregnant mothers. A mobile phone can be misused by someone. It helps to commit crimes. The terrorists and criminals can serve the...

 An Idle King Once therewas an idle king. He did not like physical labour. As a result h grew bulky and could not move from one place to another. He called in a doctor. The doctor was clever and wise. He prescrived no medicine for the king. He asked the king to buy a club and move it in the air till he got tired. The king followed the advice of the physician. After some days, his fat grew less. He became a bit thin.Thus he became fully cured of his disease after some days of regular physical labour.

  Date:16/07/2025. The Headmaster, Lohagora Govt Pilot High School, Dhaka. Subject:  Prayer for help from the poor fund. Sir, I beg to state that I am a student of class 9 of your school. My father is a poor farmer. There are 6 members in my family. My father is the only earning member of our family. He maintains our family harder. So it is very difficult for him to bear my educational expenses.  I therefore pray and hope that you would kindly help me from the poor fund. Your most obedient pupil, Nishat Class-7 Roll-49

A Journey by boat A journey by boat is a wonderful experience. Last summer, I went on a boat trip with my family. We boarded a small wooden boat on a calm river. The weather was pleasant, and the water was smooth. As the boat moved, I enjoyed the cool breeze. The green trees on both sides looked beautiful. Birds were flying over the water. Sometimes, we saw fishermen catching fish. The sound of water splashing was soothing. I felt very happy and relaxed. The journey ended too soon, but the memories stayed with me. I wish to go on another boat trip soon.

Student Life / The Duties of a Student Student life is an important stage of human life. This time is used to gain knowledge and education. Students prepare themselves for the future in this period. So it is called the seed time of life. Besides study, students also join some extra-curricular and social activities. The main duty of a student is to study. They should not waste time on useless things. They must finish their class lessons regularly. Students need to be punctual, disciplined, and serious about study. They can also read storybooks, poems, essays, and newspapers to gain extra knowledge. Students must use time properly. If they waste time, they cannot reach their goals. Lost time never comes back. After completing study, students may join games and sports. Good health is important for good learning. They should also help people during floods or cyclones and teach the illiterate. Students must have aims and prepare themselves to serve the nation in the future.

An Ideal Student  An ideal student is simple and honest. He comes to school on time. He listens to the teacher carefully. He studies his lessons every day. He keeps his books neat and clean. He follows all school rules. He finishes his homework on time. He asks for help when he does not understand. He respects everyone. He speaks kindly to his friends. He helps others in need. He keeps his classroom clean. He stays calm in every situation. He uses his time wisely. He takes part in games and activities. He learns from his mistakes. He tries to become better every day. He loves learning. He is a good example for other students.

  SSC English 2nd Paper – Completing Sentences (with Bangla Translation) • We should speak the truth so that people may believe us.  আমরা সত্য কথা বলা উচিত যাতে মানুষ আমাদের বিশ্বাস করে। • Bangladesh is an agricultural country where most people depend on farming.  বাংলাদেশ একটি কৃষিভিত্তিক দেশ যেখানে অধিকাংশ মানুষ কৃষির উপর নির্ভরশীল। • We should develop our country so that we can lead a happy life.  আমাদের দেশকে উন্নত করা উচিত যাতে আমরা সুখী জীবন যাপন করতে পারি। • Students should be attentive so that they can make a good result.  ছাত্রদের মনোযোগী হওয়া উচিত যাতে তারা ভালো ফল করতে পারে। • We should love our country because it is our motherland.  আমাদের দেশকে ভালোবাসা উচিত কারণ এটি আমাদের জন্মভূমি। • We should work for another so that we can build up good companions.  আমাদের একে অপরের জন্য কাজ করা উচিত যাতে আমরা ভালো সম্পর্ক গড়ে তুলতে পারি। • If we study attentively, we can do well in the examination.  আমরা মনোযোগ দিয়ে পড়লে পরীক্ষায় ভালো করতে পারব। • Hardly had ...

 

জৈব যৌগের পারস্পরিক রূপান্তর 🧪 জৈব যৌগের পারস্পরিক রূপান্তর অ্যালকেন, অ্যালকাইন, অ্যালকিন, অ্যালকোহল ও জৈব অ্যাসিডের মধ্যে রূপান্তর ১. অ্যালকেন → অ্যালকিন পদ্ধতি: ডিহাইড্রোজেনেশন R-CH₂-CH₃ → [Ni/Al₂O₃] [500-600°C] R-CH=CH₂ + H₂ উদাহরণ: C₂H₆ → [Ni] C₂H₄ + H₂ ২. অ্যালকিন → অ্যালকাইন পদ্ধতি: ডিহাইড্রোজেনেশন + ডিহ্যালোজেনেশন R-CH=CH₂ → [Br₂] R-CHBr-CH₂Br → [alc.KOH] R-C≡CH উদাহরণ: C₂H₄ → C₂H₂ ৩. অ্যালকাইন → অ্যালকিন পদ্ধতি: আংশিক হাইড্রোজেনেশন R-C≡CH + H₂ → [Pd/BaSO₄] [Quinoline] R-CH=CH₂ উদাহরণ: C₂H₂ + H₂ → C₂H₄ ৪. অ্যালকিন → অ্যালকোহল পদ্ধতি: হাইড্রেশন R-CH=CH₂ + H₂O → [H⁺] [HgSO₄] R-CH(OH)-CH₃ ...

Unity is Strength An old farmer had four sons. They always quarreled. The farmer worried about their future. One day, he called his sons. He asked them to bring sticks and tie them into a bundle. He told his eldest son to break the bundle. The son tried hard but failed. The other sons tried too. None could break it. Then the farmer untied the bundle. He gave each son a single stick. Each son broke the stick easily. The farmer said, “My sons, unity is strength. If you stay together, no one can harm you.” The sons understood. They stopped quarreling and lived together.

A friend in need is a friend indeed  Two friends lived in a village. They promised to help each other. One day, they walked in a forest. A bear appeared. Both were scared. One friend could climb trees. He climbed a tree and hid. The other friend had no choice. He lay on the ground. He held his breath. He pretended to be dead. The bear came close. It sniffed his nose, ears, and face. It thought he was dead. The bear left. The friend in the tree came down. He said, “Thank God you’re safe! Did the bear say anything?” The friend replied, “Yes. It said not to trust a friend who leaves you in danger.”

 (a) What do books bring to us according to the poem " Books "?      - Books bring us wonder and new ideas. (b) What happens when one opens and looks at a book?      - When we open and look at a book, new ideas and people rise in our mind. (c) What melts away when we read a book?      - Our worries melt away when we read a book. (d) What might the people in books become by the end?      - The people in books might become our friends by the end. (e) What do we do as we sail along the pages of a book?      - We use our imagination as we sail along the pages of a book. (f) Where is our body while reading a book?      - Our body is in the chair while reading a book. (g) Where is our mind while reading a book?      - Our mind is over there while reading a book. (h) How does the poem "Books" describe each book?      - The poem des...

Poem "Two Mother Remembered" Questions: (a) What is the main theme of the poem "Two Mothers Remembered"? (b) How many mothers does the poet claim to have? (c) What does the poet mean by "two different people, yet with the same name"? (d) What did the first mother give to the poet? (e) How did the poet’s relationship with her mother change as she grew older? (f) What does the poet mean by "her mind clouded so"? (g) How does the poet describe the "second mother"? (h) What does "full circle" mean in the poem "Two Mothers Remembered"? (i) Why does the poet refer to herself as the strength of her mother? (j) What message does the poet convey to her own children in the poem "Two Mothers Remembered"? (k) How are the two mothers different yet the same? (l) What does the poet inherit from her first mother? (m) Why does the poet emphasize loving both mothers? (n) How does the poet portray the mother-daughter bond? (o...

  Bayazid's love for His Mother Bayazid was a good boy. He loved his mother very, very much. One night, his mother woke up. "I need water," she said. Bayazid looked. The water pot was empty! He felt sad. He ran to a well far away. It was dark, but he went. He filled the pot with fresh water. Then, he ran back home fast. His mother was sleeping again. Bayazid did not wake her. He just stood by her bed, holding the water. He waited a long, long time. All night. When the sun came up, his mother woke. She saw Bayazid with the water. She remembered about the night. She prayed to Allah for her son.