Appositive Appositive দ্বারা সাধারনত Noun বা Noun phrase সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করা হয়। Examples:
My friend Tamalika, … (Post-modify the noun with an appositive) was driving.
My friend Tamalika, a famous athlete, was driving.
Demonstrative Demonstrative Pronoun (this, that, these, those, such, the same, other ইত্যাদি) noun বা Noun phrase এর পূর্বে বসে adjective এর কাজ করে। Examples:He knows that the main duty of a student is to study and he never neglects… (a)(use a demonstrative to pre- modify the noun)… duty. He knows that the main duty of a student is to study and he never neglects this duty.
Infinitive যখন verb এর Present form এর পূর্বে to বসে তখন to সহ verb টিকে Infinitive বলা হয়।
to+ verb=infinitive
It is essential for us… (post modify the adjective with an infinitive)… a healthy life. It is essential for us to lead a healthy life
Infinitive phrase Infinitive এর সাথে আরও এক বা একাধিক word যুক্ত হয়ে Infinitive phrase গঠিত হয়।
We decided…(Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb)… in the idyllic island for a couple of days.
We decided to enjoy ourselves in the idyllic island for a couple of days.
Intensifier Intensifier দ্বারা সাধারণত বাক্যের অন্তর্ভুক্ত কোনো word- এর ওপর গুরুত্ব বা জোর প্রদান করা হয়। বাক্যে এটি Adverb হিসেবে
Some common intensifiers:( absolutely, completely, extremely, highly, quite, enough, rather, really, so, too, totally)
Seeing the damage in her new car, Tamalika was shocked but she was…(Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective.)… happy to save the cow. Seeing the damage in her new car, Tamalika was shocked but she was very/really/quite happy to save the cow.
Quantifier Quantifier (some, many, much, more, all, several, few, a few, little, a little, enough, no, any, a great deal of five, six) সাধারণত কোনো noun এর পূর্বে বসে তার সংখ্যা বা পরিমাণ প্রকাশ করে।
A wide range of programs of varied interest is telecast on …(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun)… channels
A wide range of programs of varied interest is telecast on numerous channels.
Possessive possessive (my, our, your, his, her, its, their) noun pre-modifier .Examples:
He wrote ceaselessly until the death of -(use possessive pronoun) poetic flair.
He wrote ceaselessly until the death of his poetic flair.
Determiner Articles (a, an, the); Demonstratives (this, that, these, those); Possessives (my, our, your, his, her, its, their); Cardinal Numerals (one, two, three, four...); Ordinal Numerals (first, second, third, fourth...). General Ordinals (next, other, last, another...); Quantifiers (every, each, either, neither, few, all, both, many, much, some, any, no, little...)- এরা সবাই Determiner .Examples:
There are many benefits of eating a balanced diet because it prevents -(use determiner to pre-modify the noun) diseases
There are many benefits of eating a balanced diet because it prevents many diseases
Here -(use a determiner) nutritionist can help us. Here a nutritionist can help us.
Sabbir is (a)(use determiner to pre modify the noun phrase) ideal student. Sabbir is an ideal student.
He never wastes a (h)-(use determiner to pre-modify the noun) moment in vain.. He never wastes a single moment in vain.
Noun-adjective কোনো noun যখন adjective এর কাজ করে, তখন তাকে বলা হয় noun adjective। এক্ষেত্রে, দুটি noun পাশাপাশি বসে এবং প্রথম noun টি দ্বিতীয় noun টিকে modify করে। Examples:
She lost her control and bumped the car with a -(Use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun.) tree.
She lost her control and bumped the car with a manga/jackfruit/banyan tree.
(e)-(use a noun-adjective to pre-modify the noun) programs are very entertaining.
Television programs are very entertaining
Relative clause Relative clause Relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that) fat Relative adverb (when, where, why) দ্বারা Relative clause সাধারণত বাক্যে noun বা noun phrase সম্পর্কে extra তথ্য প্রদান করে থাকে। Examples
She teaches me (h)-(use a relative clause to pre-modify the prepositional phrase) between right and wrong.
She teaches me how to distinguish between right and wrong.
The women and the poor little girl (f)-(use a relative clause to post modify the noun) could not come out.
The women and the poor little girl who were inside the house could not come out.
Prepositional phrase: সাধারণত, একটি preposition এর object a prepositional phrase গঠিত হয়। Object টি কোনো noun ব noun phrase কিংবা propnoun হতে পারে। Prepositional phrase বাক্যে সাধারণত adjective কিংবা adverb এর কাজ করে থাকে। Examples:
If you do not have a good command of English, you will suffer (i)-(post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase) of your life.
If you do not have a good command of English, you will suffer in every sphere of your life.
Participle/ Present participle: Present participle =Verb+ing
The (i)-(use a participle to pre-modify the noun) temperature will cause green house effect.
The rising temperature will cause green house effect.
We can keep fit (h)-(use a participle) a balanced diet.
We can keep fit taking/eating a balanced diet.
Present participle phrase Present participle এর সাথে আরও এক বা একাধিক শব্দ যুক্ত হয়ে Present participle phrase গঠন করে। Examples:
A village doctor treats the patients (e)-(use a participle phrase to post-modify the verb).
A village doctor treats the patients taking a small amount of money.
My friend became astonished (i)-(use a participle phrase to post modify the verb) his lecture.
My friend became astonished listening to his lecture.
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